Baking Substitutions

Ingredient	Substitution
Baking powder	1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 5/8 tsp. cream of tartar
(1 teaspoon)	or
	1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or sour milk (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup)
	or
	1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 1/4 to 1/2 cup molasses
	or
	1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 1/2 Tbsp. vinegar or lemon juice used with sweet milk to make 1/2 cup liquid (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup)
Bread crumbs	1 slice bread
(1/3 cup, dry)	1 slice bread
Bread crumbs	1 slice bread
(3/4 cup, soft)	1 slice bread
Bread crumbs	1/4 cup cracker crumbs
(1/4 cup, dry)	or
	1/4 cup cornmeal
Yeast	1 cake yeast
(1 package)	or
	1 Tbsp. dry yeast
Corn syrup	1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid
(1 cup)	1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid
Cracker crumbs	1 cup bread crumbs
(3/4 cup)	1 cup bread crumbs
Cornstarch	2 Tbsp. flour
(1 Tablespoon)	2 Tbsp. flour
Egg	3 Tbsp. beaten egg
(1 whole)	or
	2 egg whites
	or
	1/4 cup egg substitute
Egg white	2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder plus 2 Tbsp. water
(1 whole)	2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder plus 2 Tbsp. water
Egg yolk	2 Tbsp. sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 tsp. water
(1 whole)	2 Tbsp. sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 tsp. water
Flour, for thickening	1-1/2 tsp. cornstarch, arrowroot, potato or rice starch
(1 Tablespoon)	or
	1 Tbsp. granular tapioca
	or
	1 egg, 2 egg whites, or 2 egg yolks
	or
	1-1/2 Tbsp. whole-wheat flour
Flour, for baking (all-purpose flour)	1 cup + 2 Tbsp. cake flour
(1 cup, sifted)	or
	1 cup minus 2 Tbsp. unsifted flour
	or
	1-1/2 cup bread crumbs
	or
	1 cup rolled oats
	or
	1/3 cup cornmeal plus 2/3 cup flour
	or
	1/2 cup whole wheat flour and 1/2 cup all-purpose flour
Flour, cake	1 cup minus 2 Tbsp. all-purpose flour
(1 cup)	1 cup minus 2 Tbsp. all-purpose flour
Flour, self-rising	1 cup minus 2 tsp. flour plus 1-1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt
(1 cup)
Flour, whole wheat	1/2 cup whole wheat flour and 1/2 all-purpose flour
(1 cup)	1/2 cup whole wheat flour and 1/2 all-purpose flour
Gelatin, flavored prepared	1 Tbsp. plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice
(3 oz. pkg.)	1 Tbsp. plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice
Marshmallows, miniature	10 large marshmallows
(1 cup)	10 large marshmallows
Marshmallow crème	Melt 16 ounces of
(1 jar)	marshmallows and 3-1/2 Tbsp. corn syrup in a double boiler
Shortening, for baking	1 cup minus 2 Tbsp. lard
(1 cup)	or
	1 cup and 2 Tbsp. butter or margarine
Sugar, white	1 cup 1 cup honey or corn syrup minus 1/4 cup of liquid in recipe
(1 cup)	or
	1-1/3 cup molasses minus 1/3 cup of liquid in recipe
	or
	1 3/4 cups powdered or confectioners' sugar
	or
	1 cup packed brown sugar